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What is the difference between Task and Thread in C#

Both Threads and Task are used for Concurrent and Parallel programming.

Thread are scheduled by the Operating system while the Task is scheduled by the TPL (Task parallel Library).

Threads offer low-level control but require manual management of synchronization while Tasks provide a higher-level abstraction for asynchronous operations and management are automatically.

 Threads is synchronous programming while Task is asynchronous programming using async and await keywords.

Threads is a lightweight unit of execution that operates independently of other threads.

 Threads require manual exception handling (try-catch block) within the thread and no exception aggregation while Task handle exceptions automatically to the calling code and aggregate multiple exceptions if necessary, using AggregateException for multiple errors.

 In general, Tasks provide a more modern, structured way to handle errors, especially when dealing with parallelism or asynchronous programming

 While Thread's code must be inside a try-catch block to handle exceptions and Unhandled exceptions in threads are not caught by the parent thread by default.


//Example of Thread (a synchronous programing)

public class ThreadExample

{

    public static void Main(string[] args)

    {

        //create a new thread and specify a method to execute.

        Thread thread = new Thread(ExecuteNumber);


        //thread execute

        thread.Start();


        //Main thread execute

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            Console.WriteLine("Main thread : " +  i);

            Thread.Sleep(500);

        }


        //wait for the thread to complete

        thread.Join();


        Console.WriteLine("Thread execution completed.");

        Console.ReadLine();

    }


    public static void ExecuteNumber() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            Console.WriteLine("Second thread : "+ i);

            Thread.Sleep(1000);

        }

    }

}


//Error-handling added

 public class ThreadErrorHandling

 {

     public static void Main(string[] args)

     {

         // Create a new thread and specify a method to execute.

         Thread thread = new Thread(ExecuteNumber);


         // Thread execution wrapped in try-catch to handle any exceptions from the thread.

         try

         {

             // Start the thread.

             thread.Start();


             // Main thread execution

             for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

             {

                 try

                 {

                     Console.WriteLine("Main thread : " + i);

                     Thread.Sleep(500);

                 }

                 catch (Exception ex)

                 {

                     Console.WriteLine("Exception in main thread: " + ex.Message);

                 }

             }


             // Wait for the secondary thread to complete.

             thread.Join();

         }

         catch (Exception ex)

         {

             Console.WriteLine("Exception occurred in the secondary thread: " + ex.Message);

         }


         Console.WriteLine("Thread execution completed.");

         Console.ReadLine();

     }


     public static void ExecuteNumber()

     {

         try

         {

             for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

             {

                 Console.WriteLine("Second thread : " + i);

                 Thread.Sleep(1000);

             }

         }

         catch (Exception ex)

         {

             Console.WriteLine("Exception in second thread: " + ex.Message);

         }

     }

 }


//Example of Task (a asynchronous programing using async and await)

public class TaskExample

{

    public static async Task Main(string[] args)

    {

        //Create a Task and execute a method - ExecuteNumber

        Task task = ExecuteNumber();


        //Continue a main thread

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            Console.WriteLine("Main Thread : " + i);

           await Task.Delay(500);

        }


        await task;


        Console.WriteLine("Task execution is completed.");

        Console.ReadLine();

    }


    public static async Task ExecuteNumber()

    {

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Task : " + i);

            //Delay 1 second

            await Task.Delay(1000);

        }

    }

}


  //Error - Handling

 public class TaskErrorHandling

 {

     public static async Task Main(string[] args)

     {

         try

         {

             // Create a Task and execute a method - ExecuteNumber

             Task task = ExecuteNumber();


             // Continue the main thread execution

             for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

             {

                 try

                 {

                     Console.WriteLine("Main Thread : " + i);

                     await Task.Delay(500);

                 }

                 catch (Exception ex)

                 {

                     Console.WriteLine("Exception in Main Thread: " + ex.Message);

                 }

             }


             // Await the task to complete

             await task;

         }

         catch (Exception ex)

         {

             Console.WriteLine("Exception in Task: " + ex.Message);

         }


         Console.WriteLine("Task execution is completed.");

         Console.ReadLine();

     }


     public static async Task ExecuteNumber()

     {

         try

         {

             for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

             {

                 Console.WriteLine("Task : " + i);

                 // Delay for 1 second

                 await Task.Delay(1000);

             }

         }

         catch (Exception ex)

         {

             Console.WriteLine("Exception in ExecuteNumber: " + ex.Message);

         }

     }

 }




By Anil Singh | Rating of this article (*****)

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